Essay on Psychology and Health Issues Program Review-Hca/250

Psychology and Health Issues Program Review October 7, 2012 HCA/250 Instructor: Catherine Doughty In this final project of the class, we are asked to follow a widespread psychological issue to be chosen from a list of subjects. The overview that was selected was diabetes. An explanation of the health issue overview, education program, and a proposal to improve the program will be explained in the following paragraphs as well as psychology issues, risk factors, and treatments that are associated with this disease. After researching diabetes, the findings were that African Americans are the ethnic group that is most affected by the disease. 4.9 million African Americans have been diagnosed with diabetes and the numbers†¦show more content†¦Being overweight is a primary factor to diabetes due to the storage of fatty tissue. The more it is, the more resistant to diabetes and individual is. With fat distribution, the body stores more fat in the abdomen, the risk factor to Type 2 diabetes is greater. Inactivity due to no exercise or inability to move normally makes cells inactive to insulin. Family history increases the risk if a parent and/or sibling has type 2 diabetes. African Americans (race) are the most likely to develop diabetes than any other race. The older we get, the less we are to exercise, lose muscle mass and gain weight. Untreated pre-diabetes will eventually turn into type 2 diabetes as well as gestational diabetes when pregnant. (Centers for Disease Control, pg.2, 2012) Diabetes seems to be linked strongly with poverty. Poor nutrition and being poor does not allow for the impoverished to obtain healthy and nutritious meals. Being poor means that you have to eat what you can when you can in order to survive. In poor neighborhoods, there is not an option of fresh produce or fresh meats, just canned or packaged foods that are easily prepared in the microwave or an oven are what they are subjected to eat. Their grocery store is the convenience store on the corners of the neighboring blocks. Owners of the stores are scared to erect grocery stores because they are in fear of being

Connecting Sociological Theory and Social Issues - 1046 Words

| Connecting Sociological Theory and Social Issues | SOCS185 - Professor S. Izquierdo | | Education has been the key and structure of everyone’s life and future. Without education, where does one start to learn experience and evolve into a future of brilliance and success? Education, for the most part, is free and only requires the willingness to learn; however, once you get to the age and stage where you want to advance in a certain career or profession, money will be needed to further go on. Many of which can be viewed and analyzed in various theoretical perspectives, such as: a functionalist’s view, a conflict view, and an interactionist’s view. From the perspective of a functionalist, â€Å"functionalists emphasize the†¦show more content†¦For the state of Nevada, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV) even states on their school campus website â€Å"Members of fraternities and sororities commit to lifelong participation in their organization and as pire to high ideals and values which guide them throughout their collegiate education and beyond. Just a few of these benefits are: academic achievement, leadership development, campus involvement, community service and philanthropic activities, career development, fosters leadership skills, and lifelong friendships amp; memories.† (http://getinvolved.unlv.edu/greeklife/). In perspective of a functionalist’s view, they percept parts of society to be structured and maintained for stability. Now in another hand, there is another view to be looked at as well. The conflict perspective which assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of conflict or tension between competing groups. â€Å"Conflict theorists argue that the social order is based on coercion and exploitation.† (Schaefer, 2011, p. 17). With a conflict perspective, it is viewed as if something is needed to be persuaded through the disclosure of ‘force’. A great example of violence in the education industry would be just plainly school bullies. These bullies generally bully the smart, straight-A students to have them do their homework for them. If it were not to be completed, the end result would be violence and abuse. According to the Sociology book inShow MoreRelatedConnecting Sociological Theory and Social Issues765 Words   |  4 PagesConnecting Sociological Theory and Social Issues Drug abuse is a topic of sociological significance because it is all around our daily lives whether we want it to be or not. 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Sample Assignment with Chicago Referencing Style

Introduction Obesity has emerged as the most pressing nutritional problem facing the developed world. This trend has occurred over a relatively short period of time; in the United States, it appears to have begun in the last quarter of the 20th century. The epidemic in children followed shortly thereafter. The most recent data (19992000) from national surveys in the United States suggest that almost two thirds of the adult population is overweight, and almost one third is obese. In children, current estimates (19992000) put the prevalence of overweight at 15%, a threefold increase over the past 30 years. Although this epidemic has spared no subgroup of the population and has been documented in individuals of all ages and racial/ethnic and socioeconomic subgroups, the problem is greatest in minority populations and among persons living in poverty. Obesity is a global public health problem, affecting virtually every region of the world with the exception of sub-Saharan Africa. Discussion Identification The World Health Organization (2000) defines obesity as a condition of abnormal or excess accumulation of adipose tissue (body fat) to an extent that an individual's health may be impaired. Because the precise measurement of adipose tissue requires invasive laboratory measures, in the population context, a simpler measure on which to base an obesity definition is required. Although imperfect, the Body Mass Index (BMI), defined as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared, has been adopted by consensus in the United States by the National Institutes of Health (1998) and the Centers; for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and internationally by WHO (2000). Consensus definitions of overweight and obesity have been set at 25 (overweight) and 30 (obesity), with severity classes of obesity defined as follows: overweight, 25.0 to 29.9; Class I obesity, 30.0 to 34.9; Class II obesity, 35.0 to 39.9; and Class III obesity, 40.0+. The WHO (2000) terminology differs slightly, but the cutoff points are the same. In growing children, in whom weight and height are both changing (and at different rates), the definition of obesity is inherently more complicated. Although no universally agreed on standard exists for assessing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, there is a growing consensus that BMI should be adopted as an indirect measure of adiposity for children and adolescents, as well. Because BMI varies substantially by age and gender during childhood and adolescence, the specific BMI cutoffs used to classify obesity must be gender- and age-specific and must be referenced against a standard. In the United States, the standard used is the CDC Revised Growth Reference. Internationally, several standards, including one based on a pooled international sample are also in use. Several periods in development have been proposed as critical periods in the development of persistent obesity and its comorbid consequences. These include the prenatal period (when intrauterine exposures may influence adiposity), early childhood, and adolescence. Some evidence suggests that breast-feeding may protect against later obesity. Likelihood of persistence in adulthood of obesity from childhood is related both to age at onset and severity. Sequelae Childhood obesity has a number of immediate, intermediate, and long-term health consequences. These include classic cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure, abnormal blood lipid levels, and impaired glucose tolerance. Respiratory conditions include sleep-disordered breathing. In addition, early menarche and menstrual abnormalities are linked to overweight. Of particular concern is the emergence of type 2 diabetes, once considered an adult-onset disease, as a disease of childhood. The psychological impact may represent one of the most damaging effects of obesity given that stigmatization and social isolation may result in lower self-esteem and depression. In a recently replicated classic study, children were asked to rank order a series of drawings of children with various handicaps (crutches, wheelchair, missing a hand, facial disfigurement, obesity) based on which child they would like best. The obese child was ranked last irrespective of the ranking child's sex, ra ce, socioeconomic status, living environment, and own disability. In another study, ratings of quality of life for children with obesity were similar to those of children undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. Although obesity in adulthood that has been present from childhood may carry an additional burden due to increased severity, much adult obesity arises through adult weight gain. The health consequences of obesity present in adulthood are enormous, both in magnitude and impact on quality of life. In developing its clinical guidelines, the NIH report identified an extensive list of health conditions for which obesity increased risk. These include hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea and respiratory problems, many cancers, and depression. The number of deaths per year in the United States attributable to obesity has been estimated at about 300,000. Risk Factors In all persons, child or adult, obesity arises due to energy imbalance: When energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, most of the excess calories are stored as adipose tissue. To give rise to obesity, energy imbalance must occur over a long period of time and likely reflects a combination of factors. Individual behaviors, environmental factors, and heredity, singly and in combination, contribute to the development of obesity. The rapidity with which the obesity epidemic emerged rules out simple genetic explanations. The current environment in the United States has been characterized as obesogenic, meaning that it promotes high energy intakes and low energy expendituresthe energy imbalance that gives rise to weight gain. Modern industrialized societies provide abundant, relatively inexpensive food; modern life is organized to reduce energy expenditure at work and at home, through technology and urbanization. For a species that evolved to store fat in times of plenty in order to survi ve in leaner times, many individuals are genetically susceptible to gain weight in the current environment. Excessive energy intake is a primary risk factor for the development of childhood and adult obesity, although the specific aspects of intake responsible are controversial. Dietary factors, such as diet composition, energy density, fat intake, fruit and vegetable consumption, snacks, sugar-rich foods, and soft drinks, have all been identified in association with obesity. Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables can help reduce the intake of dietary fat and calories because they are naturally low in fat and energy density compared with other foods. Despite current recommendations that individuals over the age of 2 years consume 2 to 4 servings of fruits and 3 to 5 servings of vegetables daily, children and adolescents eat an average of only 3.6 servings of fruits and vegetables per day, and fried potatoes account for a large proportion of those servings. A number of other dietary variables, including soft drinks, snacking, portion sizes, and infant feeding have also been linked t o childhood obesity. Studies suggest that the increased consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks, snack foods (which are often high in fat or/and sugar), and large-sized portions of foods have contributed to the increase in energy intakes. Physical Activity Reduced physical activity may be the most important factor in explaining the increase of obesity over the past two decades. Physical activity among U.S. youth is in decline, with nearly half of young people aged 12 to 21 reporting that they do not engage in vigorous physical activity regularly and one fourth reporting no vigorous physical activity. Whereas leisure time physical activity has increased in men and remained constant in women over the past four decades in the United States, activity associated with work and home life has declined over the same period. Sedentary behavior and inactivity, such as watching television and playing video/computer games, also are contributory factors. Gortmaker et al. (1996) reported an adjusted-odds ratio (OR) for obesity of 8.3 for adolescents who watched TV more than 5 hours per day compared with those who watched 0 to 2 hours. Compelling evidence comes from intervention studies, which show that reducing TV viewing time can help prevent childh ood obesity. Adults in a trial of maintenance following weight loss sustained their losses best when physical activity was high and television viewing was low. TV watching may promote obesity by reducing physical activity, lowering metabolic rate, and increasing energy intake. The latter may occur due to the fact that TV viewing may be associated with snacking and may moderate eating habits generally through greater exposure to advertising of foods high in added sugars and fat or by conveying mixed messages about lifestyle and health in the content of advertisements. TV viewing is a major source of inactivity among Americans. Screen time, a summary measure of time spent viewing television and videos and engaged in computer-based activity, represents the largest proportion of nonsleep, nonschool time for youth. Conclusions Obesity has emerged as the major nutritional problem facing the pediatric and adult populations worldwide. The etiology of obesity is multifactorial and includes individual risk factors, genetic influences, and environmental effectors. The severity of the problem, in terms of immediate and long-term health consequences to physical and psychological health, suggests it is a problem that will dominate the public health agenda in the 21st century.

Julius Caesar Vs Mark Anthony Essay Example For Students

Julius Caesar Vs Mark Anthony Essay Mark Antony is often seen as a confident, and devoted follower of Julius Caeser. Yet there is more to him then the eye can see. As the play progresses his characteristic changes. He began as a loyal follower of Caeser, to a shrewd flatterer, and finally a ruthless tyrant. Furthermore, Antony uses these various qualities to make him successful. Within the play, Antony uses flattering to achieve his goals. Following after Caesers death, Antony quickly learned that he must deal with Brutus, and he has the shrewdness to take advantage of Brutuss gullibility. Antony began by having his servant say, Brutus is noble, wise, valiant, and honest (III i 126). Beginning from this point, Antony intends to flatter Brutus and to work upon those personal qualities of Brutus, which represent his weaknesses. He later went to the capitol to flatter the other conspirators by shaking their hands and by saying, Friends am I with you all, and love you all.. . (III i 220) With this, it may seem that he had created a new friendship and trust with the conspirators, but he is actually plotting to seek revenge so he can take over Rome. He then uses his flattery to persuade the crowds at Caesers speech. He first started by making them feel sorry for him. This is evident as one of the plebeian responded, Poor soul, his eyes are red as fire with weeping (III ii 116). Thus he is now able to turn the crowds to go against Brutus and the conspirator by teasing them with Caesers will. In his speech he said, And being men, hearing the will of Caesar, it will inflame you, it will make you mad (III ii 144-145). With this he provokes the crowds to wanting him to read it. Although Antony uses flattery to get what he wants, he will also show respect for others with his devotion and loyalty. One of Antonys strong traits is his affectionate loyalty to Caeser. His devotion toward him goes beyond a simple friendship, but politically also. This is most evident when he presented Caeser the crown of Rome three times. This enactment depicted his dedication toward Caeser because he is willing to live under the rule of an ambitious tyrant. Later as Antony was left alone with Caesers body, he shows his true feelings about the conspirator and Caeser. As he kneels down toward Caeser he said, Thou art the ruin of the noblest man that ever lived the tide of times(III i 256-257). To prove his loyalty, Antony gives a confident and persuasive speech at Caesars funeral despite extreme danger on his own life. He began by expressing his grief and sadness. As the speech progresses Antonys emotion changed to extreme anger toward the conspirators when he told the crowd, Look you here, here is himself/Marred as you see with traitors (III ii 197-198). The crowd was so moved by his speech that they were willing to go to war against the conspirators, thus again Antony risked his life by creating a civil war. To Antony, loyalty was an advantageous quality a person could have. He emphasized this when he chose not to kill Lucilius, for he risked his own life to save his master, Brutus. This is not Brutus, friend, but, I assure you, a prize no less in worth(V iiii 26-27). Realizing the value of having loyal followers, Antony orders that Lucilius join his army and be protected. Eventually, Antonys loyalty will change into an envy of Caesars ambition and he will follow the path of the ruthless tyrant. .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189 , .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189 .postImageUrl , .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189 , .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189:hover , .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189:visited , .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189:active { border:0!important; } .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189:active , .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189 .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufebe66ff86d4b9360861f8f6aed27189:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hsc Visual Arts: Artists Who Use Bodily Fluids EssayAs the play builds up, we begin to see Antonys ruthless state of mind. Antony first began to show his fierceness in his speech. He speaks of the conspirators sarcastically as honorable men. He then enrages the crowd by telling them that Caesars assassination was morally wrong, and that the conspirators are traitors. And again he showed his ruthlessness when he condemned his nephew to death by saying, He shall not live; look, by the spot I damned him(IV i 6). Antony is willing to ignore all ethical and moral considerations in order to concentrate on political practicality. Also at Phillipi,